The DC program consists of 12 quarters, which unlike other universities, can be completed in three calendar years. Students also have the option of taking summers off and completing the program in four years, allowing for more schedule flexibility. Many students who choose this option work part-time, study, return home or simply enjoy Portland during this time period.

Wondering what to expect during your time as a student the DC program, aside from the curriculum below? View the DC Program Milestones page to understand what to anticipate each quarter. The learning outcomes below also highlight what knowledge and skills graduates can expect to obtain during the UWS chiropractic program.

As a result of success in the doctor of chiropractic program, the student will be able to:

1. Perform appropriate patient assessments and formulate a diagnosis/es
2. Execute and update appropriate case management plans
3. Promote health, wellness, safety and disease prevention including public health issues relevant to patients
4. Communicate effectively and appropriately in patient care and professional interactions including producing, updating and protecting accurate patient records and relevant documentation
5. Demonstrate ethical conduct and knowledge of the legal responsibilities of a health care provider and clinical practice owner or employee
6. Critically access, appraise, and apply scientific literature and other health information resources to provide effective patient care
7. Deliver safe, appropriate and effective treatments including spinal manipulation
8. Communicate and collaborate with other healthcare professionals regarding patient care
9. Integrate knowledge of basic and clinical science

You can buy your textbooks online. Find the DC textbook list here.

BSC5102 Spinal Anatomy (1.5 credits)

This course is an introduction to the structure and function of the human vertebral column. Topics of study include the osteology, arthrology, syndesmology and the neurovascular supply of the spine. A limited number of clinical conditions of the spine are introduced in the lecture material. The occipital, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions of the spine are studied in the laboratory with human bone specimens. The laboratory also includes a number of unique cadaveric prosections that offer an opportunity to study the anatomy of the different vertebral regions. (1+1)

BSC5103 Gross Anatomy I (7 credits)

In this course, students study the normal regional anatomy of the back, upper extremity and lower extremity. Particular attention is paid to the anatomical relationship of bones, joints, muscles, blood vessels, and peripheral nerves in these regions. Introductory anatomical concepts are also included utilizing online learning resources. Lectures emphasize the concepts, terminology, and information needed to appreciate the normal organization of the region under study. Lectures also prepare the student for laboratory dissection of the human cadaver. Students work in small groups during dissection labs to dissect, visualize, and explore the anatomical structures of each region and to observe the individual variations that exist from person to person. (4+6)

BSC5114 Structural Biochemistry (4.5 credits)

This course defines and explains the relationship between structure and function of the four biomolecules: amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and lipids. Students will develop connections between molecular structure and nutrition, physiology, and clinical diagnosis. To explain the biological context of structure, students first review acid-base chemistry and the chemical properties of water and lipids are reviewed. To understand how protein structure dictates function, students identify chemical and structural aspects of a protein that support the general physiology of proteins as well as enzyme catalysis. Next, students study nucleic acids in the context of their role in replication, transcription, and translation. Finally, students will describe carbohydrates and lipids in the context of storage and subcellular structure. This course has an accompanying recitation forum that parallels the lecture material with emphasis on clinical correlates. (4+1)

BSC5116 Cell Biology (3.5 credits)

This course provides the student with a basic understanding of normal cellular structure and function. The course is presented in modules framed around ten clinical correlations. Each clinical disorder is presented at the beginning of a module and is then followed by a discussion of the relevant general cellular principles. The module is completed by discussing the specific cell biological basis for the disorder. Four modules are framed around the cell membrane, and other modules deal with endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, mitochondrion, cytoskeleton, and nucleus. The laboratory sessions consist of an introduction to light microscopy, basic cells and structure, and electron micrographs of the lecture material. (3+1)

BSC5203 Gross Anatomy II (5.5 credits)

This course highlights the regional anatomy of the head and anterolateral neck. In lectures and dissection labs students learn the detailed anatomy of the muscles, nerves, bones, joints, blood vessels, organs of special sense, and visceral structures of the region. The structural and functional features of the cranial nerves, the organization of the autonomic nervous system, and the innervation of the spine and paraspinal tissue are also presented. In lab, all students will dissect human cadavers and study the anatomical variation in structures associated with the deep and superficial neck and head, including the cranial vault, oral and nasal cavities, pharynx, and larynx. (4+3)

BSC5215 Intermediary Metabolism (4.5 credits)

This course describes the process by which nutritive material is converted into cellular components. Students will identify each enzyme, cofactor, and chemical intermediate, and explain key regulation points in each metabolic pathway. Further, students will assess how defects in vitamins or enzymes influence each process. Topics in carbohydrate metabolism include glucose uptake from blood to cell, glycolysis, aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, the pentose shunt, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen metabolism. Lipid metabolism topics include the mobilization and oxidation of fatty acids, ketone body formation, fatty acid synthesis, triglyceride synthesis, phospholipid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, and lipid transport. For amino acid metabolism, topics include urea synthesis, catabolism of amino acid carbon skeletons, and synthesis of non-essential amino acids. Topics in nucleotide metabolism are focused on the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and deoxynucleotides, as well as purine catabolism and pathogenesis of gout. As a final topic, vitamins are discussed in terms of general function, coenzyme forms, and deficiency. This course has an accompanying recitation forum that parallels the lecture material with emphasis on disorders of metabolism. (4+1)

BSC5217 Histology (5 credits)

In this course students will learn the microscopic anatomy of the following organ systems: integumentary, musculoskeletal, vascular, nervous, digestive, respiratory, lymphatic, urinary, and reproductive. Intervertebral and synovial joint histology is covered. Students learn the structure, function, and location of each of the four basic tissue types (epithelium, connective tissue, muscle, nervous tissue) and how they each contribute to organ structure and function. Microscopic morphology, composition, organization, and resultant function are emphasized. In the associated labs, students learn proper technique for using a microscope and thoroughly examine commercially prepared histological specimens from all relevant tissues and organs. (4+2)

BSC5302 Neuroanatomy (7 credits)

This course describes the detailed anatomy and functional features of macro- and micro-anatomical structures in the brain and spinal cord. In this course, students first learn the basic structural and organizational features of the spinal cord and brain. Students then consider the interactions of spinal cord and brain structures that comprise major sensory and motor functional pathway systems. In lecture and in lab, course material includes discussion of neurological deficits associated with disturbances of brain and spinal cord structures. In the lab, students study whole and dissected human brain specimens and stained sections of the human brainstem and spinal cord that display normal and diseased structure. (6+2)

BSC5304 Gross Anatomy III (5.5 credits)

In this course, students study the normal regional anatomy of the thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and perineum, including discussions of the heart, lungs, digestive, urinary, endocrine, and reproductive systems. Particular attention is paid to the terminology, position, and relationship of these organs to each other in the body cavity, as well as their blood supply and innervation by the autonomic nervous system. The anatomical and clinical relationships of the bones, joints, muscles, blood vessels, and peripheral nerves of the body wall are also discussed. Each organ system includes special emphasis on the anatomy of referred pain, an important consideration in the field of chiropractic. The laboratory portion of this course continues the unique opportunity to dissect, visualize, and explore each of the four regions under study. (4+3)

BSC5309 Physiology I (5 credits)

This course addresses cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal physiology. Approximately 60% of the course consists of cardiovascular concepts including blood, hemodynamics, cardiac cycle, electrocardiography, blood pressure, central nervous control, peripheral vasculature, systemic circulation, capillary dynamics, and the lymphatic system. Approximately 20% of the course consists of respiratory concepts including ventilation, gas exchange, gas transport, and the control of respiration. The remaining 20% of the course covers renal concepts including glomerular filtration, tubular exchange mechanics, urine formation, body fluid balance, and micturition. Relevant pathological concepts are presented whenever possible. The weekly laboratory sessions consist of observations and experiments on humans; some activities include the use of digital physiological recording equipment to explore the cardiac cycle and the electrocardiogram. Additionally, the lab portion of the course serves as an introduction to the clinical skills of heart auscultation and arterial blood pressure measurement. (4+2)

BSC5314 Human Development (3 credits)

This lecture course explores the complex phenomena of human development. Emphasis is on the embryonic period (weeks 1-8) of development. The processes of gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation, embryogenesis, placentation, segmentation, and organogenesis are all discussed. The course provides an understanding of the development of adult body structures in relation to each other. Some general topics of interest include mechanisms for twin formation, heart and limb formation, gender determination, and influences affecting cellular differentiation. Detailed terminology regarding developmental processes and the timing of developmental stages are introduced. Discussions include congenital abnormalities and the factors that disrupt normal development. (3+0)

BSC6103 Neurophysiology (5 credits)

This is a limited scope neuroscience course in three parts (modules). The first module contains a cellular and molecular neuroscience component, which includes coverage of the cellular components of the nervous system, synaptic transmission, molecular signaling within neurons, neurotransmitters and receptors, cellular electrophysiology, neuronal damage and regeneration, excitotoxicity, and synaptic plasticity processes, among others. Topical areas in cellular/molecular neuroscience are presented that complement presentations of systems neuroscience (module 2). The second module covers cognitive neuroscience topics including a systems neuroscience component. A select set of clinically relevant cognitive neuroscience topics are covered, including distributed functions of neural/cognitive networks underlying perception, sleep, attention, emotion, memory, and global brain states. The third module is dedicated to the neurophysiology of pain, including but not limited to: nociceptors, transduction of nociceptive signals, nociceptive pathways, and mechanisms of pain modulation. Throughout the course, relevant clinical conditions are presented. (5+0)

BSC6109 Physiology II (5 credits)

This course defines and explains the endocrine and gastrointestinal systems, as well as hypothalamic regulation of metabolism and temperature. For each topic, the student will identify the purpose of each gland, organ, hormone, or neurologic stimulus. Further, students will analyze each system in response to endocrine deficiency, excess, or mis-regulation. Hormones from the pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, pancreas, and gonads, as well as those associated with calcium regulation, are studied. For each endocrine category the student will study the pertinent anatomy and histology, general chemical structure of hormones, hormone biosynthesis, actions of hormones, mechanism of action at target sites, and regulation of secretion. Gastrointestinal physiology topics include neural and hormonal regulation in the gut, behavior of smooth muscle, motility, secretions, digestion, and absorption of nutrients. Metabolic physiology topics include measurement of metabolic rate, factors affecting basal metabolic rate, contributions to calorie expenditure, and regulatory mechanisms associated with food intake. Temperature regulation topics include hypothalamic control of heat gain and heat loss mechanisms. (5+0)

BSC6112 Microbiology, Immunology, and Public Health (5.5 credits)

This course is an introduction to the basic principles of microbiology and public health. Structure, metabolism, genetics, and antibiotic therapy of prokaryotic microorganisms is presented. Students develop a practical understanding of the importance of pathogenic bacteria in clinical practice and public health. Lectures cover topics including the causative agents of meningitis, streptococcal sore throat, pneumonia, anaerobic infections, diphtheria, tetanus, and enteric infections. Laboratory exercises include cultivation and diagnostic procedures using live bacteria. There is a comprehensive introduction to the principles of immunology, including development of the immune system, immune injury, and the use of immunization in prevention of infectious diseases. The public health component of the course addresses the basic principles of public health, disease prevention, epidemiology, and international health. Students are asked to find and assess literature concerning public health issues. This exercise reinforces the principles of evidence-based practice. The role of the Chiropractic Health Section of the American Public Health Association and its significance to the chiropractic profession is discussed. (5+1)

BSC6118 Fundamental Pathology (6 credits)

This course provides the student with an understanding of the key concepts and major themes of pathology (the study of disease), integrate these concepts with prior knowledge of anatomy and physiology, and prepare the student for the clinical phase of the chiropractic curriculum. The emphasis in this course is on the characteristics of cellular, tissue, and organ responses in disease. Topics of study include the gross and histological features of cell injury and necrosis, a review of metabolic, environmental, and degenerative conditions leading to tissue deposits of various substances, and the cellular and chemical features of acute and chronic inflammation. Characteristics of tissue regeneration and wound healing are reviewed. The etiology, pathogenesis, morphology, and functional aspects of benign and malignant neoplasms are examined. Disturbances of circulation including edema, hemorrhage, thrombosis, embolization, and infarction are described. Disorders of the immune system are surveyed including hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmune disease and immunological deficiencies. Diseases of bone, joints, and muscle and major conditions affecting the organ systems are also reviewed. Topics include osteoporosis and osteomalacia, osteomyelitis and skeletal neoplasms. Structural and clinical features of arthritis (including osteo- and rheumatoid types) and diseases of muscle including the dystrophies and myasthenia gravis are described. (6+0)

BSC6203 Nutrition (4 credits)

In this course, the student applies basic biochemical and physiological knowledge to understand the principles of nutritional science and to develop an appreciation of nutrition’s role in preventive and therapeutic health care. In reviewing the health issues surrounding each macronutrient and micronutrient, the student learns to assess dietary and other risk factors for diseases that may be preventable through nutritional intervention. Selected clinical applications in therapeutic nutrition are used to illustrate important concepts and to introduce the student to the practice of clinical nutrition. Term projects include practical experience in diet assessment and practice in locating and evaluating nutrition research from an evidence-based perspective. (4+0)

BSC6207 Genetics (4 credits)

This course describes the process of inheritance or acquisition of traits. Students will learn how the central dogma and the process of meiosis support Mendelian and non-Mendelian transmission of traits portrayed in pedigree and karyotype analysis. Next, students will learn how environment, gene dosage, and gene expression contribute to the heritability of a trait in a population. Students will identify how gross and microscopic chromosome abnormalities of autosomes and sex chromosomes influence heritable traits, and further, how epigenetic changes modify the expression of traits over a lifetime. Students will also learn how biotechnology techniques enhance the study of the expression of traits. Students will apply their understanding of the transmission and acquisition of traits to genetic disorders of metabolism, cancer, immunity and behavior. This course includes evaluation of clinical scenarios to emphasize each topic and highlight disorders that chiropractors commonly encounter. (4+0)

BSC6213 Clinical Microbiology and Public Health (6 credits)

This course is a comprehensive review of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Emphasis is on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Bacterial diseases include pertussis, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), Lyme disease, tuberculosis, leprosy, typhus, and legionnaire’s disease. Medical mycology is explored with emphasis on fungal diseases such as dermatophytoses. The section on parasites includes amoebae, malaria, round worms, and tapeworms. The final section of the course is a comprehensive review of viral diseases, including smallpox, herpes, polio, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis, rabies, and HIV. The laboratory includes bacteriological staining exercises, examination of parasites, and cultivation of fungi. Important public health aspects, including immunizations, are discussed whenever relevant. (5+2)

BSC6219 Systems Pathology (4 credits)

This course emphasizes diseases of the organ systems. Major diseases of the cardiovascular and hematopoietic organs, such as arteriosclerosis, aneurysms, ischemic heart disease, anemia, lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma, are discussed. Diseases of the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas are discussed along with pathological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, including ulcers, neoplasms, and inflammatory conditions. A number of diseases affecting the nervous system including senile dementia, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and peripheral neuropathies are explored. Conditions affecting the respiratory system, such as bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma are discussed. A variety of diseases involving the kidney and urinary tract as well as a host of pathologies of both male and female reproductive structures are presented. Diagnostic Imaging and multiple case studies are presented throughout the course and there is an increasing emphasis on developing an attitude and frame of mind conducive to success in the clinical phase of the chiropractic curriculum. (4+0)

CHR5122 Introduction to Health Care (3 credits)

This course explores the origins and evolution of health services in society- starting with professions and practitioners, payers, politics and patients have experienced in health care over time. Through this exploration, the student will gain knowledge of how health care has been shaped into today’s iteration of the industry and what the course of history has taught society about health services delivery’s role in society. A specific focus and depth of exploration will be committed to chiropractic’s chapter in this process and the student as a practitioner in the health care industry. Roles, expectations, duties, opportunities and liabilities will be explored. The successful student will emerge from this course well triangulated to the industry they are training to enter and their place in that industry. Last, a brief glimpse into the future of health care will be undertaken, with emphasis on chiropractic’s potential role(s). (3+0)

CHR5126 Spinal Biomechanics (1 credit)

This course introduces the student to biomechanical and kinesiologic terms and concepts necessary for the development of observational and palpatory skills of the spine and extremities. (1+0)

CHR5137 Surface Anatomy (1.5 credits)

This course introduces the student to the fundamental examination skills of observation and palpation and instructs the student in the identification of normal bony and soft tissue landmarks of the spine and extremities. (0+3)

CHR5223 Exploring the Chiropractic Profession (1 credit)

This course explores the range and types of chiropractic practice options. Topics include the spectrum of chiropractic examination and treatment procedures, professional practice options, the safety and public perception of chiropractic, and the profession’s political and educational organizations, responsibilities, and agendas. (1+0)

CHR5227 Spinal Kinetics and Kinematics (2 credits)

This course is devoted to the study of the functional anatomy and kinematics of the spine. Other topics presented include an introduction to the biomechanics of gait, an introduction to treatment principles, and a discussion of cavitation principles. (2+0)

CHR5231 Adjustive Psychomotor Skills (1 credit)

This course is devoted to developing the foundation of body mechanics and spinal adjusting psychomotor skills that are central to the safe delivery of adjustive therapy. The course focuses on instruction in adjustive body mechanics, spinal and extremity muscle stretching and endurance training, proprioceptive training and adjustive pre-tension, and adjustive thrust (impulse) drills. (0+2)

CHR5235 Spinal Assessment (2 credits)

This course instructs the student in the physical assessment of spinal joint structure and function. Joint assessment procedures of static palpation, motion palpation, end feel, joint play, postural assessment, and range of motion assessment are presented. (0+4)

CHR5322 Thoracic Manipulation Lecture (2 credits)

This course is designed to provide the student with an anatomical, biomechanical, and pathophysiologic basis for chiropractic adjustive therapy. It is structured to reinforce methods covered in adjustive technique lab sessions. Topics will include definition and classification of manual therapies, adjustive technique terminology, general and specific thoracic adjusting mechanics, adjusting contraindications/complications, adjustive therapy decision analysis, and adjustive treatment guidelines. (2+0)

CHR5325 Chiropractic Theories (1 credit)

This course focuses on the theories of spinal motion segment dysfunction/subluxation. Topics include philosophy and its relationship to chiropractic theory and practice, the concept of the manipulable lesion, definitions, prevalence, diagnosis, theoretic etiology, pathophysiology and health effects of spinal subluxation/dysfunction syndromes, and theoretic effects and mechanisms of adjustive therapy. (1+0)

CHR5333 Thoracic Manipulation Lab (2 credits)

This course is devoted to developing foundation adjustive skills and the development of the knowledge, physical exam, and psychomotor skills necessary to provide effective chiropractic adjustments of the spine, with a focus on the thoracic spine. Adjustive techniques include prone, supine, sitting and standing procedures. (0+4)

CHR6125 Rehabilitation Principles (2 credits)

This course is devoted to the basic principles of designing rehabilitation programs to treat the soft tissue structures of the body. Lecture presents evidence-based rationale for each of the treatments presented. Laboratory topics include trigger point therapy, instrument-assisted soft tissue manipulation, muscle stretching techniques and lumbar stabilization protocols. (1+2)

CHR6126 Pelvic Manipulation Lecture (1 credit)

This course is devoted to the examination and treatment of pelvic manipulative disorders. It is designed to provide the student with an anatomical, biomechanical, and physiologic basis for the evaluation and adjustive management of pelvic subluxation/dysfunction syndromes. (1+0)

CHR6127 Pelvic Manipulation Lab (1.5 credits)

This course is devoted to the development of the psychomotor skills necessary for examination and adjustive treatment of pelvic dysfunction. Adjustive techniques include side posture, prone, and drop table procedures. Pubic symphysis adjustments and pelvic blocking techniques are also presented. Additional time is scheduled to review and reinforce examination and adjusting psychomotor skills of the thoracic spine. (0+3)

CHR6225 Lumbar Manipulation Lecture (1 credit)

This course is devoted to the examination and treatment of lumbar manipulative disorders. The course provides an anatomical, biomechanical, and pathophysiologic basis for chiropractic manipulative therapy of the lumbar spine. It is designed to complement presentations covered in lumbar technique laboratory sessions. Topics include functional anatomy, biomechanics, evaluation, terminology, adjustive mechanics, complications/contraindications, and adjustive therapy guidelines and decision-making relative to the lumbar spine. (1+0)

CHR6226 Joint Dysfunction and Pain Syndromes (1 credit)

This course focuses on various neurological models for spinal joint dysfunction and manipulation. A variety of mechanisms are presented related to the instigation of local and radiating pain, adverse neurological effects in the musculoskeletal system as well as the controversy regarding clinically significant visceral effects. (1+0)

CHR6228 Tissue Biomechanics (2 credits)

This course covers the biomechanical properties of muscles, nerves, and connective tissue and tissue injury and repair. Topics include stress-strain curves, length-tension relationships, hysteresis, types of loads and forces, and the response of various types of tissue. Additional emphasis is placed on the pathobiomechanics of low back and whiplash injuries. (2+0)

CHR6235 Lumbar Manipulation Lab (1.5 credits)

This course is devoted to the examination and treatment of lumbar subluxation/dysfunction syndromes. The laboratory sessions are devoted to the development of the knowledge, physical exam, and psychomotor skills necessary for effective chiropractic adjustments of the lumbar spine. Adjustive techniques include side posture, prone, and drop table procedures. Additional time is scheduled to review and reinforce examination and adjusting psychomotor skills of the pelvis and thoracic spine. (0+3)

CHR6326 Spinal Disorders: Diagnosis & Management (6 credits)

This course introduces the diagnostic and therapeutic knowledge necessary for the management of lesions, defects, or disorders of the neuromusculoskeletal system. Discussion of mechanical, congenital, or traumatic and neuromusculoskeletal disorders affecting the spine and its adjacent soft tissue are emphasized. (6+0)

CHR6327 Neuro-Orthopedic Assessment of the Spine (1 credit)

This course introduces the diagnostic and therapeutic skills necessary for the management of lesions, defects, or disorders of the neuromusculoskeletal system. The skills of examination and management of mechanical, congenital, or traumatic and neuromusculoskeletal disorders affecting the spine and its adjacent soft tissue are emphasized. (0+2)

CHR6332 Extremity Biomechanics (2 credits)

This course is devoted to the study of functional anatomy, kinematics and biomechanics of the upper and lower extremities. Topics include joint structure, principles of joint movement, gait, and a joint-by-joint evaluation. (2+0)

CHR6333 Extremity Muscle Testing (1 credit)

This course is devoted to the study of functional anatomy and kinematics of the extremities. Laboratory sessions instruct the student in the examination of the extremities with special emphasis on neuromusculoskeletal evaluation and measurement. (0+2)

CHR6338 Cervical Manipulation Lecture (1 credit)

This course focuses on topics in cervical spinal adjustive technique. The course provides an anatomical, biomechanical, and pathophysiological basis for cervical and thoraco-cervical manipulative therapy. It is meant to complement presentations covered in cervical adjustive technique laboratory sessions. Topics include biomechanics, selected conditions and treatment, spinal manipulation and vertebrobasilar complications, evaluation, and adjustive mechanics. (1+0)

CHR6341 Spinal Rehabilitation (1 credit)

This course is devoted to the evaluation and treatment of spinal soft tissue structures/injuries. Topics include lumbar stabilization protocols, pain centralization protocols (based on McKenzie), muscle energy techniques, joint mobilization, distraction/decompression protocols (based on Cox), key movement patterns and sensory motor training. (0+2)

CHR6342 Cervical Manipulation Lab (2 credits)

This course is devoted to the development of adjustive technique skills as applied to the cervical spine. It provides the opportunity for the practical application of palpation, examination, identification of dysfunction, and treatment of the occiput, cervical, and thoraco-cervical spine. Adjustive techniques are presented in the supine, prone, and sitting patient positions, along with selected drop table procedures. (0+4)

CHR6343 Extremity Joint Play Assessment (1 credit)

This course is devoted to the development of the knowledge, physical exam, and psychomotor palpation skills necessary for effective chiropractic joint play evaluation of the upper and lower extremities. (0+2)

CHR7128 Lower Extremity Diagnosis & Management (3 credits)

This course is devoted to the diagnosis and management of common lower extremity conditions, which may be mechanical, congenital, degenerative, or traumatic in nature. (3+0)

CHR7129 Lower Extremity Orthopedic Assessment (1 credit)

This course is devoted to the development of the skills of examination, diagnosis, and management of lower extremity conditions, which may be mechanical, congenital, degenerative, or traumatic in nature. (0+2)

CHR7130 Lower Extremity Taping & Splinting (0.5 credit)

This is a practical hands-on laboratory course intended to provide the chiropractic student with the basic knowledge and skills to appropriately select and apply necessary support and protection with athletic tape, elastic wraps, plaster splints, and OTC braces when treating common neuromusculoskeletal injuries and other common conditions of the lower extremity. (0+1)

CHR7139 Extremity Joint Manipulation (1 credit)

This course is devoted to the development of the knowledge, physical exam, and psychomotor adjustive skills necessary for effective chiropractic adjustments of upper and lower extremities. (0+2)

CHR7140 Spinal Manipulation Review (1.5 credits)

This course is designed to integrate and reinforce biomechanical assessment and adjustive technique skills covered in previous adjustive technique courses. (0+3)

CHR7163 Physiotherapy Modalities (3 credits)

This course introduces students to the adjunctive physical agent modalities available to the chiropractic physician. The modalities employ the use of electrical energy, electromagnetic energy, mechanical energy and thermal energy. The basic physics and physiological principles governing each modality are discussed, as well as the clinical rationale, contraindications, and adverse effects for the application of each modality. The corresponding hands-on lab training allows the student to develop proficiency in applying these modalities. (2+2)

CHR7230 Upper Extremity Diagnosis & Management (3 credits)

This course is devoted to the diagnosis and management of common upper extremity conditions, which may be mechanical, congenital, degenerative, or traumatic in nature. (3+0)

CHR7231 Upper Extremity Orthopedic Assessment (1 credit)

This course is devoted to the development of the skills of examination, diagnosis, and management of upper extremity conditions, which may be mechanical, congenital, degenerative, or traumatic in nature. (0+2)

CHR7232 Upper Extremity Taping & Splinting (0.5 credit)

This is a practical hands-on laboratory course intended to provide the chiropractic student with the basic knowledge and skills to appropriately select and apply necessary support and protection with athletic tape, elastic wraps, plaster splints, and OTC braces when treating musculoskeletal injuries and other common conditions of the upper extremity. (0+1)

CHR7233 Extremity Manipulation Review (1 credit)

This course reviews chiropractic extremity manipulative procedures that are commonly utilized in practice. Instruction centers around common clinical scenarios where extremity manipulation is indicated. Relevant research evidence is referenced when available. Individualized variation of foundational manipulative techniques is reviewed and encouraged. (0+2)

CHR7266 Advanced Rehabilitation (3 credits)

The emphasis of this course is on assessment strategies and treatment concepts fundamental to chiropractic patient management of the locomotor system. A biopsychosocial model is presented in an effort to highlight the importance of patient participation with both passive and active care modalities to improve outcomes in a manual therapy setting. The student will learn to use a variety of assessment strategies to create an individualized treatment plan that addresses key features of common functional and structural neuromusculoskeletal disorders. (2+2)

CHR7330 Thoracic Case Management (1 credit)

This course reviews and refines the integrated manipulative procedures and management of common disorders of the thoracic spine, anterior chest wall and upper extremity. There is also integration of philosophy and principles of the subluxation complex. (1+0)

CHR7331 Thoracic Case Practicum (1 credit)

This course reviews and refines adjusting skills utilized in the management of thoracic, rib, and other upper extremity disorders. Soft tissue techniques and mobilizations are also reviewed and refined. Case scenarios are presented to discuss management and problem-solving skills. (0+2)

CHR8127 Cervical Case Management (1 credit)

Evaluation and an integrated treatment approach are presented in the treatment of common disorders of the cervical spine, temporomandibular joint, and cranium. Case scenarios are emphasized to assist problem solving and comprehensive management. (1+0)

CHR8140 Cervical Case Practicum (1 credit)

This course reviews and refines the integrated manipulative procedures used in the treatment of common disorders of the cervical spine, temporomandibular joint, and cranium. (0+2)

CHR8226 Lumbopelvic Case Management (2 credits)

This course presents an advanced review, expansion and correlation of the clinical features of joint dysfunction/ subluxation syndromes, including causes, biomechanical and neurological effects, and treatment. Chiropractic management of common spinal conditions is reviewed and expanded, with emphasis on case-based problem solving and critical thinking. Current trends in chiropractic practice and managed care are surveyed. (2+0)

CHR8231 Lumbopelvic Case Practicum (1 credit)

This course refines and integrates diagnosis, manipulation, and general chiropractic management of common disorders of the lumbar spine, pelvis, and extremities. Case scenarios are emphasized to assist diagnosis, comprehensive management, and patient communication. (0+2)

CHR8241 Chiropractic Technique Survey (1 credit)

Chiropractic Technique consists of a series of selected topics with demonstration of the manipulative procedures used for special problem cases or presentations followed by hands-on workshop. (0+2)

CED6145 History Taking and Communication Skills (1.5 credits)

The purpose of the course is to teach students to take and appropriately chart a comprehensive patient history. Students will learn the introductory, basic legal requirements for charting, listening skills and strategies, interviewing skills and strategies, general clinical decision-making strategies, chief complaint, past health, family health, and personal and social history taking skills, as well as review of systems. The lab portion for this course allows students to practice listening/communication skills, history taking skills and properly documenting a comprehensive patient history. By the end of the course, students will be able to take and correctly chart from memory a comprehensive patient history. (1+1)

CED6250 Head and Neck Diagnosis and Management (3 credits)

This course introduces procedures appropriate to conducting a systematic physical examination to include evaluation of the eyes, ears, nose, throat, lymphatic system, thyroid gland, and selected components of the neurological exam (cranial nerves, station, gait, and cerebellar tests). Emphasis is placed on integrating basic sciences knowledge, critically assessing the patient’s history and risk factors, correlating pathophysiologic changes and resultant clinical findings, determining the clinical significance of these findings, and prioritizing the patient’s health care needs. Case management of those conditions amenable to conservative care is discussed, as are the indications for appropriate referral. (3+0)

CED6251 Head and Neck Physical Assessment (1 credit)

These laboratory sessions provide instruction in the performance of various protocols and procedures associated with the routine physical examination of the head and anterior neck region. Students learn and demonstrate proficiency in examination of the cranial nerves, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, throat, sinuses, thyroid gland, and lymph nodes. Students learn and demonstrate proficiency in specific tests to evaluate dizziness as well as the Epley’s maneuver to treat benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Additional treatment procedures that students learn and appropriately perform include ear irrigation, nasal specific, endonasal, and Argyrol sinus treatment. (0+2)

CED6345 Cardiopulmonary Diagnosis and Management (4 credits)

This course introduces procedures appropriate to conducting a systematic physical examination to include evaluation of vital signs, peripheral arterial system, heart, lungs, and abdomen. Emphasis is placed on integrating basic sciences knowledge, critically assessing the patient’s history and risk factors, correlating pathophysiologic changes and resultant clinical findings, determining the clinical significance of these findings, and prioritizing the patient’s health care needs. Case management of those cardiopulmonary conditions amenable to conservative care is discussed, as are the indications for appropriate referral. (4+0)

CED6346 Thorax and Abdomen Physical Assessment (1 credit)

These laboratory sessions provide instruction in the performance of various protocols and procedures associated with the routine physical examination, including the use of the stethoscope and sphygmomanometer. Students learn and demonstrate proficiency in the evaluation of the vital signs, peripheral arterial system, lungs, heart, and abdomen. (0+2)

CED6370 Patient Management & Charting (2 credits)

This course introduces students to topics related to routine patient care and introduction to the requirements of patient charting. Learning exercises emphasize development of patient management plans, clinical thinking relating to charting and the documentation of patient evaluation, diagnosis, management and treatment. (2+0)

CED7160 Intern Development (2 credits)

The report-writing portion of the course will be exclusively to provide a bridge between the didactic and clinical courses. Students learn and practice with the current electronic health records system used by all UWS clinics and learn how clinical procedures are conducted through observations in the clinic system. The report-writing portion of the course is online and will focuses on correspondence a chiropractic physician would be expected to produce in practice including progress reports, referral letters to colleagues and specialists, patient discharge letters and case summaries. (1+2)

CED7161 Clinical Training – Phase I (3 credits)

The purpose of the course is to support the knowledge and skills required to deliver care in the clinical internship. The first half of the lecture portion is designed to review effective history taking and physical examination procedures as they apply to working up a musculoskeletal complaint during a new patient visit. Students are introduced to basic clinic documentation and the processes of working through a differential diagnosis, management plan, and prognosis. The second half of the lecture portion introduces clinical reasoning strategies for diagnosing and assessing musculoskeletal conditions as well as building evidenced-informed practice and critical thinking skills. Utilizing standardized patients, the lab portion is designed to promote the student’s ability to apply examination skills from previous courses; begin to demonstrate proficiency in performing complete regional cervical, lumbar and general physical exam flows; and to synthesize clinical data into a working diagnosis and coherent management plan. (2+2)

CED7164 Gastrointestinal Diagnosis & Management (3 credits)

Common gastroenteric pathologies, their etiologies, symptomatology, and associated risk factors are covered. Students learn the signs, symptoms, and clinical manifestations associated with abnormal changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology. Emphasis is placed on the incidence, prevalence, etiology, natural history, progression, clinical presentation, and differential diagnosis of selected conditions. Case management of those conditions amenable to conservative care is discussed, as are the indications for appropriate referral. Previously acquired knowledge of anatomy, physiology, public health parameters, history, physical exam findings, laboratory and radiologic evaluation, clinical decision-making, and clinical nutrition is integrated. (3+0)

CED7210 Clinical Training – Phase II (3 credits)

The overall goals of this course include increasing expertise in the realm of targeted exam skills, improving speed and efficiency in doing a clinical work up of a regional complaint (with a special emphasis on the spine), and improving overall clinical decision making. Additionally, there is special focus on clinical problem solving, increasing the breadth and depth of knowledge regarding selected spinal conditions and synthesizing pre-appraised literature for a clinical problem. Utilizing simulated patients, the lab portion is designed to promote the student’s ability to perform a variety of regional exams and synthesize clues from the history, physical, and ancillary studies into a diagnosis and management plan. Areas of emphasis include EENT, heart/lung, abdominal and thoracic exams. The complete regional cervical and lumbar exam flows are revisited in addition to the introduction of the “focused” examination. (2+2).

CED7307 Clinical Training – Phase III (3 credits)

Emphasis is placed on the selection of evaluation procedures, clinical problem solving, practice following the critical pathway to properly focus patient evaluation, selecting management strategies, and further refinement of basic clinical and verbal/documentation skills. Utilizing standardized patients, the lab portion is designed to continue the student’s ability to perform focused examinations of the upper and lower extremities as well as refinement of the cervical and lumbar focused exams. (2+2)

CSC5183 Spine and Pelvis Radiographic Anatomy (2.25 credits)

Since plain film radiography is widely used in chiropractic practice, identification of key spinal and contiguous spinal structures seen on plain film radiography is the emphasis of this course. Basic anatomy of the spinal regions seen on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is also studied. Lectures demonstrate the most important structures to identify on various imaging modalities. Lab sessions provide supervised radiograph and slide viewing with an opportunity to interact with the instructors. (1.5 + 1.5)

CSC5244 Information Mastery (1 credit)

This course is designed to develop the search skills necessary to efficiently access health care literature and resources. Efficient search skills are a prerequisite to subsequent EIP courses and a skill that will be accessed frequently throughout the chiropractic program both in the classroom and during patient care. (1+0)

CSC5284 Extremity Radiographic Anatomy (1.5 credits)

The identification of structures of the upper and lower extremities seen on plain film radiography is the emphasis of this course; the cranium is also reviewed. Basic anatomy of the upper and lower extremities and the cranium seen on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is also studied. Lectures demonstrate the most important structures to identify on various imaging modalities. Lab sessions provide supervised radiograph and slide viewing with an opportunity to interact with the instructors. (1+1)

CSC5385 Soft Tissue Normal Imaging (1.5 credits)

Identification of soft tissue structures of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis seen on plain film radiography is the emphasis of this course. Basic anatomy of these regions seen on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is also studied. Lab sessions provide supervised radiograph and slide viewing with an opportunity to interact with the instructors. (1+1)

CSC6179 Evaluating Therapy Studies (2 credits)

This course focuses on the critical appraisal of randomized controlled trials. Hands-on practice and application of key concepts will be used to encourage effective problem-solving strategies and future application of evidence-informed practice (EIP) in the clinical experience. (2+0)

CSC6187 Radiation Physics and Safety (2.5 credits)

Since a large percentage of chiropractic physicians own and operate radiographic equipment in their offices, the skills acquired in these classes are essential for proper use and application within their clinical practices. This course emphasizes radiation physics, x-ray production, radiobiology, radiation safety, exposure principles, and image production/processing. Students learn to assess film quality and begin to understand imaging procedures that augment plain film imaging technology. (2+1)

CSC6275 Dermatology and Infectious Disease (2 credits)

This course is an introduction to common skin disorders frequently encountered in a chiropractic office. The structure, function, and immune reactions of skin are reviewed. Students acquire basic information necessary for differential diagnosis and treatment of common skin diseases. Benign, pre-malignant, and malignant tumors are covered, including squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. Other topics include vascular lesions, birthmarks, and inherited diseases such as psoriasis and pemphigus. Differential diagnosis of eczema and dermatitis comprise a major portion of this course. Other common conditions include acne, bacterial and superficial fungal infections, connective tissue disease, and nail disorders. Students learn to provide conservative treatment and counseling to patients with a variety of skin diseases. (2+0)

CSC6278 Evaluating Diagnosis Studies (2 credits)

This course focuses on the critical appraisal of systematic reviews, diagnostic studies and prognosis studies. Hands-on practice and application of key concepts will be used to encourage effective problem-solving strategies and future application of evidence-informed practice in the clinical experience. (2+0)

CSC6281 Imaging Clinical Decision Making (2 credits)

This course asks students to apply best practices evidence in the justification and acquisition of diagnostic imaging on conditions encountered in practice. Clinical cases will be used as a basis to explore when and what diagnostic imaging studies yield the most appropriate outcomes. Successful students will choose the most appropriate imaging studies, justifying their choices and demonstrating ability to predict findings on various imaging studies. (2+0)

CSC6367 Clinical Laboratory (4 credits)

This course introduces clinical laboratory procedures, including hematology, blood chemistry, urinalysis, and serology. Students learn the appropriate use of clinical laboratory tests as screening and/or diagnostic tools and the differences between and significance of normal and abnormal laboratory values. Students learn to understand the importance of the sensitivity and specificity of various laboratory tests in explaining why a particular laboratory value falls outside the normal reference range. In the corresponding laboratory sessions, students learn “universal precautions,” risks associated with exposure to blood borne pathogens, and proper procedures for collecting blood and other specimens, and perform simple laboratory procedures that can be utilized as in-office tests. (3+2)

CSC7167 Clinical Pathology (3 credits)

In this course, students learn to synthesize clinical data in reaching a diagnostic conclusion. Students utilize detailed knowledge of common clinical laboratory procedures to diagnose, confirm clinical impressions, screen for disease, estimate prognosis, evaluate therapeutic progress, and relate laboratory findings to pathophysiological processes. They identify appropriate laboratory procedures for specific clinical situations and determine when an abnormal laboratory result is clinically significant. Students determine a differential diagnosis based upon laboratory findings in conjunction with associated historical facts and physical findings. Students must demonstrate knowledge of specific diseases/disorders, including etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical and radiological features, routine and special laboratory findings, current therapeutic approaches, and appropriate referral protocols when indicated. (3+0)

CSC7175 Emergency Care (1 credit)

This course prepares chiropractors to respond to traumatic injuries and sudden severe illness in non-clinical settings. Each student is instructed and examined in basic life support and cardiopulmonary resuscitation for certification through the American Heart Association. Good Samaritan Laws, consciousness assessment, poisoning, cardiac emergencies, near drowning, burns, etc., are covered. (1+0)

CSC7177 Transitioning into Practice (1 credit)

As students approach graduation, the specter of actually going into practice looms. This course explores the variety of possible entry points into practice, identifying benefits, liabilities, areas of potential trouble of all. This course will also describe the landscape of how to evaluate the quality of any of the possible entry points into practice, be it associateship as an employee or independent contractor or as a practice owner via buy-out of an existing practice or starting de novo. Examples of good and bad employment agreements, leases, practice valuation assessments and other details will be discussed. This course will ensure an informed decision when considering a particular starting point into practice. (1+0)

CSC7188 X-ray Positioning – Spine and Thorax (1.5 credits)

Proper anatomical positioning is presented. Imaging of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal regions is emphasized. Positioning for chest and bony thorax is also covered. Principles of physics used in radiography are reviewed and discussed. The student will demonstrate skill in radiographic positioning technique and patient protection from ionizing radiation in the performance of mock radiographic exams. (1+1)

CSC7192 Bone Pathology I (2.5 credits)

This course covers the clinical application of Diagnostic Imaging modalities and interpretation. Knowledge and reasoning skills necessary for accurate interpretation and selection of Diagnostic Imaging modalities within clinical practice are emphasized. This course is an introduction to a systematic approach to the radiographic interpretation and case management of normal variants, congenital anomalies, common miscellaneous acquired conditions, fractures, and dislocations. (2+1)

CSC7268 Doctor/Patient Communication (1.5 credits)

This course explores development of doctor/patient trust and cooperation as achieved in initial conversations and interactions. It clarifies the legal and fiduciary requirements of the physician as well as identifying strategies and priorities in communication with patients under a variety of situations that realistically happen in practice. Students will conduct report of findings, PARQ conference and informed consent procedures using best practices approaches. Students will also learn a strategy to deliver difficult news such as a cancer diagnosis or other serious health problem to patients. Lastly, this course provides counsel and advice to student-physicians on how to screen for and evaluate difficult circumstances such as intimate partner violence, substance abuse, diversity issues and sexual boundary violations. Successful students will be equipped to better evaluate and resonate with patients in ways that facilitate satisfaction and compliance with care. (1+1)

CSC7271 Clinical Nutrition and Botanicals I (4 credits)

This course helps the student understand the role of diet modification and nutritional and botanical supplementation in the management of commonly encountered health disorders. The course begins by introducing the science underlying the use of botanical therapies and reviewing several basic therapeutic programs that use diet and lifestyle changes as well as supplementation with micronutrients, botanicals, or nutraceuticals. Subsequently, a body systems approach is used to present specific nutritional therapies for a variety of cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, psychoneurological, respiratory, and endocrine/metabolic disorders, including nutritional anemias. Additionally, cancer prevention and sports nutrition will be addressed. Discussions revolve around issues and controversies in current nutritional science. Assignments allow students to practice diet assessment, diet prescription, and the use of electronic resources for investigating scientific evidence for the efficacy and safety of nutritional and botanical interventions. (4+0)

CSC7289 X-ray Positioning – Extremities and Pelvis (1.5 credits)

This course covers the proper anatomical positioning required to demonstrate the upper and lower extremities and pelvis. Positioning for plain film abdomen radiography is also covered. The student will demonstrate skill in radiographic positioning, technique, and patient protection from radiation in the performance of exams of the upper and lower extremities and pelvis. Students will perform mock radiographic exams on their peers. (1+1)

CSC7293 Bone Pathology II (3.5 credits)

Students are introduced to the radiologic, laboratory, and clinical manifestations of the more common neoplasms, infections, and arthritides. Appropriate management and/or patient referral for each disease are discussed. Various visual media are used in presenting course material. (3+1)

CSC7324 Clinical Neurology (5 credits)

This course covers neurological diseases and disorders with a focus on the central nervous system. The presented conditions are differentiated by their history, signs, and symptoms, and x-ray and laboratory findings. Special attention is placed on conditions commonly encountered or amenable to chiropractic care. (5+0)

CSC7366 Jurisprudence and Ethics (2 credits)

This course systematically reviews the legal and ethical considerations that relate to the practice of chiropractic. It provides students with an understanding of basic principles of law and ethical conduct, focusing on the rights, privileges, and obligations of practitioners of the healing arts, as well as those of the patient and public. Licensure laws, civil malpractice, elements of negligence, expert witness testimony, board complaints, unprofessional conduct, informed consent, documentation, fees, and other legal aspects of chiropractic practice are covered. Guest lecturers present common standards of professional and ethical conduct and moral judgment. Students learn to recognize potential legal risks and how best to avoid litigious pitfalls. (2+0)

CSC7367 Genitourinary Survey (4 credits)

This course surveys the reproductive and urinary systems focusing on the most common conditions seen in a general practice. This course prepares the student for clinical evaluation of normal and abnormal presentations of the genitourinary system, including a basic review of anatomy, reproductive pathophysiology, diagnostic testing, conventional and CAM treatments of genitourinary diseases. Lecture, guest speakers, case studies, class participation, and audiovisual aids prepare the student with pertinent history taking skills, clinical decision-making, basic care and management skills as well as appropriate referral recommendations. (4+0)

CSC7372 Clinical Nutrition and Botanicals II (1 credit)

This course addresses the role of diet modification, nutritional supplementation and botanical therapies in the management of commonly encountered gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and gynecological disorders. (1+0)

CSC7375 Introduction to Pharmacology (3 credits)

This course provides an introduction to the fundamental principles of pharmacology. Students learn about the pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) and pharmacodynamics (mechanism of action, therapeutic effects, adverse effects) of the most commonly used prescription and over-the-counter drugs in North America. Emphasis is placed on those drugs most likely to influence the practice of chiropractic and natural medicine. (3+0)

CSC7377 Marketing and Advertising (1 credit)

This course focuses on how to ethically, professionally and effectively market and position yourself and your practice. The first portion of this class will be focused on marketing yourself – creating a resume, learning how to network and best practices for jobs searching. The second portion of this course will focus on effectively marketing your practice, both internally and externally. Students will explore various forms of advertising including social media, web presence, word of mouth, networking and print advertising. It will also reinforce understanding of the legal requirements and restrictions of advertising in health care. (1+0)

CSC7394 Bone Pathology III (1.5 credits)

This course covers the radiological manifestations, clinical and laboratory presentations, and management of osteochondroses, skeletal dysplasia, nutritional, metabolic, endocrine, and hematological conditions affecting the skeletal system. Students review special imaging procedures, such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, bone scan, ultrasound, discography, and myelography. Cases utilizing these modalities are presented. Appropriate indications and contraindications are reviewed with an emphasis on appropriate imaging decisions. (1+1)

CSC8165 Correlative and Differential Diagnosis (4 credits)

This course reviews a broad variety of diagnostic sciences, covering the more common clinical entities seen by chiropractic physicians, with extra emphasis on non-musculoskeletal complaints. Students refine their skill in clinical reasoning and increase their efficiency in obtaining data from and about patients. They learn to analyze data pragmatically to obtain the most appropriate diagnosis of a patient’s condition. Particular attention is given to techniques for obtaining patient information through the interview process and strategies for clinical decision-making. Students distinguish between relevant and peripheral clinical issues; differentiate key clues from nonspecific findings; distill clinical information from a list of specific problems and create an appropriate diagnosis. Course material is presented in lectures, supplemented with discussions of case histories and role-playing of doctor/patient interactions. (4+0)

CSC8167 Minor Surgery/Proctology (2.5 credits)

This course is a systematic review of pertinent pathological conditions and their resolution through minor surgical means and procedures. It provides academic and practical insights into minor surgical and proctological presentations with knowledge and practical skills for surgical interventions. Students become familiar with the legal limitations of minor surgery and identification of associated risk factors. Students gain knowledge in the appropriate use of sterile fields, administration of local anesthetics, closure of traumatic wounds, and elective surgical procedures. Students will cover the surgical management of lipomas, sebaceous cysts, inclusion cysts, growths, fibromas, lacerations, ingrown nails, and other presentations amenable to surgical intervention. Students gain knowledge of surgical interventions for various anorectal disorders, such as internal and external hemorrhoids, anal fissures, skin tags, inflammatory bowel disease, and others. (2.5+0)

CSC8171 Chiropractic Business Plans (2 credits)

This course focuses on business planning and development. It addresses the analysis, planning, and establishment of a successful chiropractic business. The essential elements of any good business will be discussed, with an emphasis on chiropractic business start-ups. Students are introduced to concepts of business management and learn the key requirements needed to start and maintain a successful chiropractic business. Particular attention is given to writing a business plan that can be used to secure financing. Students learn how to implement advanced marketing techniques to promote their business, advanced aspects to insurance billing and collections, hiring and training office staff and support personnel, and the financial aspects of running a business. This course explores crucial issues such as insurance needs, money management and retirement accounts, tax considerations, and business structures. (2+0)

CSC8173 Obstetrics (2 credits)

This course reviews reproductive physiology, introduces the field of obstetrics, and working with pregnant patients in the chiropractic setting. It lays a foundation for students who may later choose to pursue in depth study or co-manage pregnant clients in their practice. Lectures, guest speakers, and audiovisual aids familiarize the student with normal pregnancy and birth, variations from normal, and many of the available options for pregnant women/couples. Students will gain knowledge on how to counsel their pregnant or lactating patients regarding optimal nutrition, appropriate exercise programs, spinal care, and general patient well-being at all the stages from pre-pregnancy to postpartum. Warning indicators of pregnancy, labor, and postpartum complications are also addressed. (2+0)

CSC8174 Genitourinary Lab (0.5 credits)

This course focuses on conducting physical examinations of the chest/breast, genitourinary and anorectal regions. Students will review and palpate normal and abnormal findings of the reproductive, urinary and anorectal systems focusing on the most common conditions seen in a general ambulatory care practice. This course prepares the student for clinical evaluation of normal and abnormal presentations of the genitourinary system, including basic clinical and topographic anatomy, clinical examinations of these areas, normal and abnormal findings and diagnostic testing. (0+1)

CSC8178 Minor Surgery Lab Elective (0.5 credit)

This lab elective provides practical experience in acquiring those skills necessary for minor surgical services and is a requirement for chiropractic licensure in the state of Oregon. Students discuss establishing sterile fields, discuss pre- and post-operative paperwork; practice appropriate administration of local anesthetics, practice common suturing techniques and discuss specialty skills/ procedures used in a minor surgery practice. (0+1)

CSC8181 Clinically Applied Evidence I (1 credit)

This course is a one-hour journal-club format course designed to practice the application and refinement of evidenced-informed practice (EIP) skills acquired earlier in the program. These skills include accessing clinical research evidence, critical appraisal of relevant primary studies and pre-appraised reviews on diagnosis, treatment, harm (risk), and prognosis. Interpretation and assessment of study results, and application to patient care is integrated with clinical experience and patient preference. (1+0)

CSC8199 Soft Tissue Interpretation (1.5 credits)

This course covers Diagnostic Imaging of the chest and abdomen. A pattern approach to teaching common cardiorespiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary conditions is used. The student is taught how to recognize abnormal radiographic patterns and is introduced to preliminary management protocols. Definitive diagnosis is often not possible due to limitations in scope of practice and access to specialized imaging and laboratory procedures. Therefore, the focus of this course is on recognition and preliminary management. (1+1)

CSC8266 Clinical Pediatrics (3 credits)

This course focuses on the normal growth and development of children and the most common issues in their health care. Students become familiar with developmental milestones and learn to identify individuals who are not developing within normal expectations. Particular attention is given to conducting a well-child examination, identifying the most common childhood illnesses, and assessing and managing orthopedic conditions. Students learn how to communicate effectively and respectfully with children and how to identify risk factors, signs, and symptoms of child abuse and the laws regarding reporting of suspected abuse. Problems that can be managed with conservative chiropractic care and those that require appropriate referral are differentiated. (3+0)

CSC8267 Clinical Geriatrics (2 credits)

This course provides an understanding of the unique characteristics of the elderly patient and explores the effects of aging and chronic degenerative processes. Students become familiar with the evaluation and conservative management of geriatric disorders, focusing on the normal physiologic changes associated with aging and normal variants in geriatric physical examination findings. Danger signals associated with life-threatening disorders are investigated, along with utilization of appropriate decision-making strategies for proper care of the patient. Tests and screening evaluations are investigated to determine those that best identify declining health related functions. Intervention options that restore and maintain the quality of life are discussed. Specific attention is given to nutritional inadequacies, deconditioning, gait and balance disorders, mental dysfunction, hearing and vision impairment, and medication-related problems. (2+0)

CSC8268 Clinical Psychology (3 credits)

This course is a survey of clinical psychology as pertinent to chiropractic practice. The goals of this course include listing the elements of behavioral theory, including classical and operant conditioning; defining the DSM diagnostic categorization system and list the categories therein; performing interviews that demonstrate appropriate use of psychological principles. Instructional time is divided into three formats: 1. an interactive, participatory lecture/discussion, 2. learning and practicing clinical skills relevant to interviewing and supporting a patient while screening and detecting likely psychopathology, and 3. case presentations and discussion relevant to the day’s topics. Students will identify and discuss (without compromising confidentiality) at least two patients that have shown some evidence of psychopathology or behavioral problems. (3+0)

CSC8272 Billing, Coding and Documentation (2 credits)

This course focuses on the knowledge and skills necessary to bill patients and third party payers for services performed utilizing ethical, legal and efficient strategies. Students learn billing codes and procedural requirements underpinning use of those codes. Students demonstrate ability to appropriately apply various coding modifiers and demonstrate ability to justify coding and billing through appropriate health record for all billing codes. They will also develop skills at performing billing and coding for a variety of chiropractic and primary care services that are within the scope of chiropractic in Oregon. (2+0)

CSC8281 Clinically Applied Evidence II (1 credit)

A one-hour journal-club format course designed to practice the application and refinement of evidenced-informed practice (EIP) skills acquired earlier in the program. These skills include accessing clinical research evidence, critical appraisal of relevant primary studies and pre-appraised reviews on diagnosis, treatment, harm (risk), and prognosis. Interpretation and assessment of study results, and application to patient care is integrated with clinical experience and patient preference. (1+0)

CSC8295 Bone Pathology IV (1.5 credits)

This course provides the student with a review of all topics previously covered in the radiology courses. Diagnostic Imaging is an integral part of chiropractic practice. This review course near the end of the formal chiropractic education better prepares students for the realities of practice. (1+1)

CLI7210 Clinical Internship I (2 credits)

The clinical internship course series provides students with increasing opportunities to apply, integrate, and refine the knowledge, skills and behaviors necessary to become confident, competent, and caring primary care chiropractic physicians. Occurring within a clinic setting, interns incorporate evidence-informed clinical reasoning in applying effective health care procedures and professional integrity in the delivery of patient-centered care. Interns are mentored and supervised by attending physicians who facilitate patient care and clinical education while ensuring quality patient care. At this early point in the clinical internship course series, interns are closely supervised by attending physicians and limited to active involvement in less complicated cases. Upon initiation of this course, students complete a clinical entrance assessment, consisting of patient evaluation and management skills to verify level of readiness for involvement in patient care. (0+6)

CLI7307 Clinical Internship II (3.25 credits)

The clinical internship course series provides students with increasing opportunities to apply, integrate, and refine the knowledge, skills and behaviors necessary to become confident, competent, and caring primary care chiropractic physicians. Occurring within a clinic setting, interns incorporate evidence-informed clinical reasoning in applying effective health care procedures and professional integrity in the delivery of patient-centered care. At this point in the clinical internship course series, interns continue to be closely supervised by their attending physician, treating similar cases as in clinical internship I, but the hours engaged in patient care are increased. Completion of the written and practical clinical skills assessment examination occurs concurrently with enrollment in this course. (0+10)

CLI8159 Clinical Internship III (8.25 credits)

The clinical internship course series provides students with increasing opportunities to apply, integrate, and refine the knowledge, skills and behaviors necessary to become confident, competent, and caring primary care chiropractic physicians. Occurring within a clinic setting, interns incorporate evidence-informed clinical reasoning in applying effective health care procedures and professional integrity in the delivery of patient-centered care. In this course, interns engage in patient care five days each week, actively participating in the management of increasingly complex and challenging cases. Interns are also given their first opportunities to engage in patient care at the university health center clinics, as well as community clinics that partner with the university. Completion of the radiology clinical skills assessment occurs concurrently with enrollment in this course. (0+25)

CLI8262 Clinical Internship IV (8.25 credits)

The clinical internship course series provides students with increasing opportunities to apply, integrate, and refine the knowledge, skills and behaviors necessary to become confident, competent, and caring primary care chiropractic physicians. Occurring within a clinic setting, interns incorporate evidence-informed clinical reasoning in applying effective health care procedures and professional integrity in the delivery of patient-centered care. Interns continue to gain autonomy, yet remain under the mentorship and guidance of supervising attending physicians. Interns become increasingly responsible for the management of complex and challenging cases and conditions. (0+25)

CLI8362 Clinical Internship V (9 credits)

The clinical internship course series provides students with increasing opportunities to apply, integrate, and refine the knowledge, skills and behaviors necessary to become confident, competent, and caring primary care chiropractic physicians. Occurring within a clinic setting, interns incorporate evidence-informed clinical reasoning in applying effective health care procedures and professional integrity in the delivery of patient-centered care. Interns continue to provide patient care in this final clinical internship course. Most interns have the opportunity to participate in the university preceptorship program, completing their clinical education in a private practice setting. Upon successful completion of this course, interns will have demonstrated the competencies necessary for unsupervised chiropractic practice. (0+27)